Petroleum product such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil and lubricating oils, comes from one source –crude oil found below the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.
Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance ; thin, thick, transparent, or opaque. Their chemical composition is made up of only two elements : carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few are classified as impurties. Trace elements are also found, but these area of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounding which are possible because of the various position varied joining of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
The various petroleum products are defined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapours, these products are the so called light oil, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residual remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbon to produce other products some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various type of gasoline.
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