Procedure Text In English

Education English | Procedure Text In English |PROCEDURE Social function Procedure: To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.
Text organization:

• Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction) 

• . Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions) ; .

• Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)

Language features :

• Use of imperative ( Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)

• Use of action verbs (turn, put)

• Use of connectives(first, then, finally)

RECOUNT
Social function recount: To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.
Generic Structure of Recount:

• Orientation ( who were involved, when and where was it happened)

• Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)

• Re-orientation ( optional – closure of events)

Language features Recount:

• Use of pronouns and nouns ( David, he, she)

• Use of action verbs in past (went, studied)

• Use of past tense ( We went for a trip to the zoo)

• Use of adverbial phrases

• Use of adjectives 

NARRATIVE
Social function narrative: To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience in different ways. Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

Generic Structure Narrative:

• Orientation ( who was involved, when and where was it happened)

• Complication ( a problem arises and followed by other problems)

• Resolution ( provide solution to the problem)

Language features Narrative:

• Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess, a huge temple)

• Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)

• Use of simple past tense ( He walked away from the village)

• Use of action verbs ( walked, slept)

• Use of adjectives phrases ( long black hair)

DESCRIPTION
Social Function descriptive: To describe a particular person, place or thing.

Generic Structure descriptive:

• Identification (identify phenomenon to be described)

• Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics)

Language features descriptive:

• Focus on specific participants

• Use of attributive and identifying processes

• Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups.

• Use of the Simple Present Tense

NEWS ITEM
Social function news item: To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure news item:

• News worthy event ( tells the event in a summary form)

• Background events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident)

• Sources ( comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in the event)

Language features news item:

• Information on the use of head lines.

• Use of action verbs( hit, attack)

• Use of saying verbs( said, added, claimed)

• Use of passive sentences ( Aceh was hit by Tsunami in 2004)

• Use of adverbs in passive sentences (The victims were badly injured)

REPORT

Social function report: To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made thing, animals, plants). The things must be a representative of their class.

Text organization report:

• General classification (introduces the topic of the report/tells what phenomenon under discussion is.)

• Description (tell the details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities, habits/behaviour).

Language features report:

• Use of general nouns ( Whales, Kangaroo, Computer)

• Use of present tense(Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)

• Use of behavioural verbs (Snakes often sunbathe in the sun)

• Use of technical terms ( Water contains oxygen and hydrogen)

• Use of relating verbs (is, are, has)

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Social function analytical exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain.

Generic Structure analytical exposition:

• Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writer’s position)

• Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence)

• Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented)

Language features analytical exposition:

• Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.

• Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably

• Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.

• Usually present tense

• Compound and complex sentences

SPOOF
Social function spoof: To tell an event with a humorous twist.

Generic structure spoof text:

• Orientation (who were involved, when and where was happened)

• Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)

• Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)

Language features spoof:

• Use of connectives (first, then, finally)

• Use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)

• Use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)

HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Social function hortatory exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case.

Generic structure hortatory exposition:

• Thesis ( stating an issue of concern)

• Arguments ( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation)

• Recommendation (stating what ought or ought not to happen)

Language features hortatory exposition:

• Emotive words: alarmed, worried

• Words that qualify statements: usual probably

• Words that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore

• Usually present tense

• Compound and complex sentences

• Modal auxiliary: can, may, should, must

EXPLANATION
Social function explanation: To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena

Generic structure explanation:

• A general statement to position the reader

• A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs

• Closing

Language features explanation:

• Focus on generic, non-human participants.

• Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense, passive voice, conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and technical language.

DISCUSSION

Social function discussion: To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (“for” points “against” points)

Generic structure discussion:

• Opening statement presenting the issue

• Arguments or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons)

• Concluding recommendation

Language features discussion:

• Use of general nouns: alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc.

• Use of relating verbs: is, are, etc.

• Use of thinking verbs: think, feel, hope believe, etc.

• Use of additive connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc.

• Use of contrastive connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc.

• Use of causal connectives: because, because of, etc.

• Use of modal auxiliary: must, should, etc.

• Use of adverbial manner: hopefully.

REVIEW
Social function review: To critique an art work or event for a public audience

Generic structure review:

• Orientation ( background information on the text)

• Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist of more than one.

• Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot).

• Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized.

Language features review:

• Focus on specific participants

• Use of adjectives

• Use of long and complex clauses

• Use of metaphor

Reviews are used to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may include: movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.