Education English | Subordinating Conjunctions (Dependent or subordinator words) | Subordinating conjunctions are used to make one clause subordinate to (or dependent upon) another clause. For clarification, a clause is a group of words containing a subject, which may be understood, for example, “you,” and a verb, but not all clauses can stand alone as sentences because some are dependent upon other clauses to give them full meaning. The following is a list of the most common subordinating conjunctions.
After - Inasmuch as - Though
Although - In case - Unless
As In order at - When
As if In order that - Where
As long as - No matter - Whereas
As though - Once - Wherever
Because - Only - if - Whether or not
Before - Since - Which
Even if So…that While
Even though - So that - Who
Every time - Such…that Whom
If - That - Whose
They also establish certain relationships:
a. Time: after, as, as/so long as, as soon as, before, every time (that), once, since, the first time (that), the next time (that), then, until, when, whenever, while.
For examples:
1) After eating dinner in front of the television all week, I decided to change locations.
2) As the door opened, she saw him standing by the wall.
3) As long as I live, I will never see your fucking ugly face again.
4) We will leave as soon as the rain stops.
5) Before they got married last month, they had been seeing each other for almost ten years.
6) Every time my mother asks me to study.
7) Some things happen only once in a lifetime.
8) Since we have lived in Atlanta, we have gone to every exhibit at the High Museum.
9) The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot.
10) The next time I play you, I will kick your ass.
11) Caesar invaded Gaul, then he turned his attention to England
12) I will keep studying hard until the final exam is over next week.
13) We had hardly taken our coats off when it was time to go.
14) Whenever I look at her picture, my heart beats fast.
15) While it was snowing, we played cards.
b. Reason: as, because, inasmuch as, now that, since, so..that, such…that, that. For examples:
1) As she had nothing to do, she asked me to come over to her house.
2) He got an accident because he drove while he was drunk.
3) Inasmuch as the two countries’ leaders didn’t reach an agreement, the possibility of war between the two countries remains open.
4) Now that the semester is finished, I am going to rest for a few days and then take a trip to Bali.
5) I passed that course easily since the questions were very easy.
6) The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.
7) He has such a nice body that a lot of girls are attracted to him.
8) Isabel knew that she was about to be fired.
c. Opposition: although, even though, though, whereas, while and no matter.
For examples:
1) Although he is not tall, he is a very good volleyball player.
2) Even though she's small, she's very strong.
3) Though it was after midnight, we did not feel tired.
4) Jenny is rich, whereas Joni is poor.
5) While I am not an expert, I will do my best.
6) No matter how hard I tried, the math problems couldn’t be solved.
d. Location: where, wherever
For examples:
1) That is the place where he was last seen.
2) He seems to make enemies wherever he goes.
e. Condition: even if, if, in case (that), only if, unless, whether or not.
For examples:
1) I have decided to marry her. Even if my parents disagree, I am going to marry her.
2) If my parents were not home, I would invite my friends to come over.
3) I’ll be in the library in case you want to find me.
4) The general election will go to the second round only if no candidate gets 50% + 1 votes during the first round.
5) I will go unless it rains.
6) I don’t care no more whether or not you want to study.
f. Purpose: in order that, in order (that), so that
For examples:
1) During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be able to listen to what the teacher says.
2) I turned off the TV in order (that) my roommate could study well.
3) I turned off the TV so that my roommate could study well.
g. Manner: as if, as though.
For examples:
1) It looks as if it will rain.
2) In a similar way: It looks as though there will be a storm.
h. Relative clauses: that, when, where, which, who, whom, whose.
For examples:
1) Hers is an idea that I would like to think through.
2) I remember the day when we first met.
3) That’s the restaurant where we met for the first time.
4) The house, which stood on a hill, could be seen for miles.
5) This is the man who sells peanuts.
6) I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
7) All students whose registration numbers begin with 374 should immediately go to the library for a tour.
After - Inasmuch as - Though
Although - In case - Unless
As In order at - When
As if In order that - Where
As long as - No matter - Whereas
As though - Once - Wherever
Because - Only - if - Whether or not
Before - Since - Which
Even if So…that While
Even though - So that - Who
Every time - Such…that Whom
If - That - Whose
They also establish certain relationships:
a. Time: after, as, as/so long as, as soon as, before, every time (that), once, since, the first time (that), the next time (that), then, until, when, whenever, while.
For examples:
1) After eating dinner in front of the television all week, I decided to change locations.
2) As the door opened, she saw him standing by the wall.
3) As long as I live, I will never see your fucking ugly face again.
4) We will leave as soon as the rain stops.
5) Before they got married last month, they had been seeing each other for almost ten years.
6) Every time my mother asks me to study.
7) Some things happen only once in a lifetime.
8) Since we have lived in Atlanta, we have gone to every exhibit at the High Museum.
9) The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot.
10) The next time I play you, I will kick your ass.
11) Caesar invaded Gaul, then he turned his attention to England
12) I will keep studying hard until the final exam is over next week.
13) We had hardly taken our coats off when it was time to go.
14) Whenever I look at her picture, my heart beats fast.
15) While it was snowing, we played cards.
b. Reason: as, because, inasmuch as, now that, since, so..that, such…that, that. For examples:
1) As she had nothing to do, she asked me to come over to her house.
2) He got an accident because he drove while he was drunk.
3) Inasmuch as the two countries’ leaders didn’t reach an agreement, the possibility of war between the two countries remains open.
4) Now that the semester is finished, I am going to rest for a few days and then take a trip to Bali.
5) I passed that course easily since the questions were very easy.
6) The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.
7) He has such a nice body that a lot of girls are attracted to him.
8) Isabel knew that she was about to be fired.
c. Opposition: although, even though, though, whereas, while and no matter.
For examples:
1) Although he is not tall, he is a very good volleyball player.
2) Even though she's small, she's very strong.
3) Though it was after midnight, we did not feel tired.
4) Jenny is rich, whereas Joni is poor.
5) While I am not an expert, I will do my best.
6) No matter how hard I tried, the math problems couldn’t be solved.
d. Location: where, wherever
For examples:
1) That is the place where he was last seen.
2) He seems to make enemies wherever he goes.
e. Condition: even if, if, in case (that), only if, unless, whether or not.
For examples:
1) I have decided to marry her. Even if my parents disagree, I am going to marry her.
2) If my parents were not home, I would invite my friends to come over.
3) I’ll be in the library in case you want to find me.
4) The general election will go to the second round only if no candidate gets 50% + 1 votes during the first round.
5) I will go unless it rains.
6) I don’t care no more whether or not you want to study.
f. Purpose: in order that, in order (that), so that
For examples:
1) During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be able to listen to what the teacher says.
2) I turned off the TV in order (that) my roommate could study well.
3) I turned off the TV so that my roommate could study well.
g. Manner: as if, as though.
For examples:
1) It looks as if it will rain.
2) In a similar way: It looks as though there will be a storm.
h. Relative clauses: that, when, where, which, who, whom, whose.
For examples:
1) Hers is an idea that I would like to think through.
2) I remember the day when we first met.
3) That’s the restaurant where we met for the first time.
4) The house, which stood on a hill, could be seen for miles.
5) This is the man who sells peanuts.
6) I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
7) All students whose registration numbers begin with 374 should immediately go to the library for a tour.
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