Education English | Loanword | There are several definitions about loanwords. According to Haugen (1950:210) loanwords is the adoption of a linguistic expression from one language into another language usually when no term exist for the new object, concept or state of affairs. Besides, Falk (1978) says that loanwords are borrowing words from the other language into the stock of the vocabulary of a language.
Samsuri (1994:57-65) mentions that based on the structure English loanword is classified into three types, namely simple word, complex word and translated word. Simple word can be identified into two ways, spelling adaptation and pronunciation adaptation. First, spelling adaptation is the adaptation of the spelling of the loanwords into Indonesian language, while the pronunciation is not adapted to Indonesian language, for example, the word klinik. The adaptation to Indonesian language does not happen in the pronunciation (/'klinik/ /klinik/), however, it happened in the spelling of this loanword (klinik clinic). Second,
pronunciation adaptation is the adaptation of the pronunciation of the loanwords to Indonesian language, while the spelling is not adapted to Indonesian language, for example, the word album. The adaptation to Indonesian language does not happen in the spelling (album album), but, it happened in the pronunciation
(/ǽlbəm/ /album/). Second, complex word can be identified when the spelling and the pronunciation of the loanwords are adapted to Indonesian language, for example, the word kode. The word code was adapted both in the spelling (kode code) and in the pronunciation (/kode/) (/kəud/). The third, translated word can be identified as Indonesian expression which is a translation of English, for example the expression desainer berpengalaman. The expression desainer berpengalaman was translated from English ‘experienced designer.’
There are some reasons why Indonesian language borrows words from English. First, it is all because the unavailable stock of vocabulary in Indonesian language. The existing terms in Indonesian language are either inadequate or distinguishing things or concepts represented by the terms. Second, English is considered as a prestige language. Besides that, English is recognized as an international language – English is a global language, which has the largest vocabulary of any language in the world, over 600,000 words (Rancis, 1988:2).
Samsuri (1994:57-65) mentions that based on the structure English loanword is classified into three types, namely simple word, complex word and translated word. Simple word can be identified into two ways, spelling adaptation and pronunciation adaptation. First, spelling adaptation is the adaptation of the spelling of the loanwords into Indonesian language, while the pronunciation is not adapted to Indonesian language, for example, the word klinik. The adaptation to Indonesian language does not happen in the pronunciation (/'klinik/ /klinik/), however, it happened in the spelling of this loanword (klinik clinic). Second,
pronunciation adaptation is the adaptation of the pronunciation of the loanwords to Indonesian language, while the spelling is not adapted to Indonesian language, for example, the word album. The adaptation to Indonesian language does not happen in the spelling (album album), but, it happened in the pronunciation
(/ǽlbəm/ /album/). Second, complex word can be identified when the spelling and the pronunciation of the loanwords are adapted to Indonesian language, for example, the word kode. The word code was adapted both in the spelling (kode code) and in the pronunciation (/kode/) (/kəud/). The third, translated word can be identified as Indonesian expression which is a translation of English, for example the expression desainer berpengalaman. The expression desainer berpengalaman was translated from English ‘experienced designer.’
There are some reasons why Indonesian language borrows words from English. First, it is all because the unavailable stock of vocabulary in Indonesian language. The existing terms in Indonesian language are either inadequate or distinguishing things or concepts represented by the terms. Second, English is considered as a prestige language. Besides that, English is recognized as an international language – English is a global language, which has the largest vocabulary of any language in the world, over 600,000 words (Rancis, 1988:2).
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