Education English | The difficulties in Speaking | Many problems that faced by students in learning speaking in the classroom, according to Brown (2001) , there are some characteristic of spoken language that can make oral performance easy as well as, in some cases difficult, they are :
1. Clustering
Fluent speech is phrasal, not word by word. Learners can organized their output both cognitively and physically (in breath groups) through such clustering.
2. Redudancy
The speaker has an oppurtinity to make meaning clearer through the redundancy of language. Learners can capitalize on this feature of spoken language.
3. Reduced form
Contractions, elision, reduced vowels, etc. , all form special problems in teaching spoken English. Students who don’t learn colloquial contractions can sometimes develop a stilted, bookish quality of speaking that in turn stigmatizes them.
4. Performance variable
One of the advantages of spoken language is that the process of thinking as you speak allows you to manifest a certain of performance hesitations , pauses, backtracking and corrections. Learners can actually be taught how to pause and hesitate. For example, in English our “thinking time” is not silent;we insert certain “filler” such as ub,um,well, you know, I mean, like, etc. One of the most salient differences between native and nonnative speakers of a language is in their hestitation phenomena.
5. Colloquial language
Make sure your students are reasonably well acquainted with the words,idioms, and phrases of colloquial language and thay they get practive in producing these forms.
6. Rate of delivery
Another salient characteristic of fluency is rate of delivery. One of your tasks in teaching spoken English is to help learners is achieve an acceptable speed along with other attributes of fluency.
7. Stress, rhythm and intonation
This is the most important characteristic of English pronounciation, as will be explained below. The stress rhythm of spoken English pronunciation , as will be explained below. The stress-timed rhythm of spoken English and its intonation patterns convey important messages.
8. Interaction
Learning to produced was of language waves of language in a vacuum-without interlocutors-would rob speaking skill of its richest component: the creativity of conversational negotiation.
1. Clustering
Fluent speech is phrasal, not word by word. Learners can organized their output both cognitively and physically (in breath groups) through such clustering.
2. Redudancy
The speaker has an oppurtinity to make meaning clearer through the redundancy of language. Learners can capitalize on this feature of spoken language.
3. Reduced form
Contractions, elision, reduced vowels, etc. , all form special problems in teaching spoken English. Students who don’t learn colloquial contractions can sometimes develop a stilted, bookish quality of speaking that in turn stigmatizes them.
4. Performance variable
One of the advantages of spoken language is that the process of thinking as you speak allows you to manifest a certain of performance hesitations , pauses, backtracking and corrections. Learners can actually be taught how to pause and hesitate. For example, in English our “thinking time” is not silent;we insert certain “filler” such as ub,um,well, you know, I mean, like, etc. One of the most salient differences between native and nonnative speakers of a language is in their hestitation phenomena.
5. Colloquial language
Make sure your students are reasonably well acquainted with the words,idioms, and phrases of colloquial language and thay they get practive in producing these forms.
6. Rate of delivery
Another salient characteristic of fluency is rate of delivery. One of your tasks in teaching spoken English is to help learners is achieve an acceptable speed along with other attributes of fluency.
7. Stress, rhythm and intonation
This is the most important characteristic of English pronounciation, as will be explained below. The stress rhythm of spoken English pronunciation , as will be explained below. The stress-timed rhythm of spoken English and its intonation patterns convey important messages.
8. Interaction
Learning to produced was of language waves of language in a vacuum-without interlocutors-would rob speaking skill of its richest component: the creativity of conversational negotiation.
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