Participles

Pattern : Having  + V + obj = after S + has / have / had + V
Pattern  : S + V +V ing + obj

• when, while, example : Walking alone the garden, I met my wife. (it means :when/while I was walking a long the garden, I met my wife.
• because, as since, ex : Being sick, she doesn't go to school. (it means : she doesn't go to school)
• using relatives pronoun, ex : I met the man, he smiles----the combination of this sentence : I met the man who smiles.
• followed by verbs sensation, (see, watch, leak, monitor, observe, notice ) ex: when he came back home, we saw a man trying to get on our roof.
• pattern pasive participle, ex : he had been beaten by me, richard became polite man ; having been beaten by me, richard became a polite man ; after had been beaten by me, he became a polite man. the pattern : Having been V3 = After + Has +have/had +been + V3