Education English | Lexical Collocation | Lexis is the basis of language. Lexis is misunderstood in language teaching because of the assumption that grammar is the basis of language and that mastery of the grammatical system is a prerequisite for effective communication.
Furthermore, Lexical collocation is a collocation of two or more co-occurring lexemes in a changing syntactic and semantic relationship (Clear J: 1993). Lexical collocations include: Verb + noun (e.g. break a code, lift a blockade, Verb + Adverb (e.g. affect deeply, appreciate sincerely), Noun + Verb (e.g. water freezes, clock ticks, Adjective + Noun (e.g. strong tea, best wishes), Adverb + Adjective (e.g. deeply absorbed, closely related).
The following are type’s lexical collocations as categorized by Benson, Benson and Ilson: 1986.
Furthermore, Lexical collocation is a collocation of two or more co-occurring lexemes in a changing syntactic and semantic relationship (Clear J: 1993). Lexical collocations include: Verb + noun (e.g. break a code, lift a blockade, Verb + Adverb (e.g. affect deeply, appreciate sincerely), Noun + Verb (e.g. water freezes, clock ticks, Adjective + Noun (e.g. strong tea, best wishes), Adverb + Adjective (e.g. deeply absorbed, closely related).
The following are type’s lexical collocations as categorized by Benson, Benson and Ilson: 1986.
1. Verbs (usually transitive) + noun/pronoun (or prepositional phrase).
The first lexical collocations consist of a verb (usually transitive) and a noun/ a pronoun (or a prepositional phrase). Most this lexical consist of verb denoting creation and/or activation and a noun/a pronoun. It is calling such fixed lexical combination CA collocations. Here are the examples of collocations with verbs denoting creation: come to an agreement, make an impression, compose music, set a record, reach a verdict, and inflict a wound. Here are examples of collocations that express the concept of activation: set an alarm, fly a kite, launch a missile, launch a time clock, and spin a top, wind a watch.
The first lexical collocations consist of a verb (usually transitive) and a noun/ a pronoun (or a prepositional phrase). Most this lexical consist of verb denoting creation and/or activation and a noun/a pronoun. It is calling such fixed lexical combination CA collocations. Here are the examples of collocations with verbs denoting creation: come to an agreement, make an impression, compose music, set a record, reach a verdict, and inflict a wound. Here are examples of collocations that express the concept of activation: set an alarm, fly a kite, launch a missile, launch a time clock, and spin a top, wind a watch.
2. Verbs (meaning eradication and / or nullification) + a noun).
The second lexical collocations consist of a verb essentially eradication and/or nullification and a noun. Such fixed lexical combinations are called EN collocations. Typical examples are: reject an appeal, lift a blockade, break a code, reverse a marriage, suspend martial law, etc.
The second lexical collocations consist of a verb essentially eradication and/or nullification and a noun. Such fixed lexical combinations are called EN collocations. Typical examples are: reject an appeal, lift a blockade, break a code, reverse a marriage, suspend martial law, etc.
3. Adjective + noun prepositional phrase).
Next lexical collocation consists of adjective + noun. One well known pair or example is strong tea (not mighty tea) and weak tea (not feeble tea). In many instance, more than one adjectives (or more than form of the same adjective) can collocate with the same noun: warm, warmest (not hot); kind, kindest; best (not good) regards. Other examples of this collocation are: reckless abandon, a chronic alcoholic, a pitched battle, a formidable challenge, a crushing defeat, a rough estimate, an implacable foe, a sweeping generalization, etc.
Next lexical collocation consists of adjective + noun. One well known pair or example is strong tea (not mighty tea) and weak tea (not feeble tea). In many instance, more than one adjectives (or more than form of the same adjective) can collocate with the same noun: warm, warmest (not hot); kind, kindest; best (not good) regards. Other examples of this collocation are: reckless abandon, a chronic alcoholic, a pitched battle, a formidable challenge, a crushing defeat, a rough estimate, an implacable foe, a sweeping generalization, etc.
4. Noun + Verb prepositional phrase).
The fourth lexical collocations consist of a noun and verb; the verb names an action characteristic of the person or thing designated by the noun: adjectives modify, alarms go off (ring sound), and bees buzz (sting swarm, blizzard rage), blood circulate (clots, congeals, flows, runs) bomb explode (go off) etc.
The fourth lexical collocations consist of a noun and verb; the verb names an action characteristic of the person or thing designated by the noun: adjectives modify, alarms go off (ring sound), and bees buzz (sting swarm, blizzard rage), blood circulate (clots, congeals, flows, runs) bomb explode (go off) etc.
5. Noun + noun prepositional phrase).
The fifth lexical collocations indicate the unit that is associated with a noun. The structure of this lexical collocation is often noun of noun. Such collocation may indicate: the large unit to which a single member belongs: a colony (swarm) of bees, a herd
of buffalo, a pack of dogs, a bouquet of flowers, a pride of lions, a school of whales, etc.
The fifth lexical collocations indicate the unit that is associated with a noun. The structure of this lexical collocation is often noun of noun. Such collocation may indicate: the large unit to which a single member belongs: a colony (swarm) of bees, a herd
of buffalo, a pack of dogs, a bouquet of flowers, a pride of lions, a school of whales, etc.
6. Adverb + adjective prepositional phrase).
The sixth lexical collocation consists of verb and adjective. Examples are: deeply absorbed, strictly accurate, closely (intimately) acquainted, hopeless addicted, sound asleep, keenly (very mush) aware, etc.
The sixth lexical collocation consists of verb and adjective. Examples are: deeply absorbed, strictly accurate, closely (intimately) acquainted, hopeless addicted, sound asleep, keenly (very mush) aware, etc.
7. Verb + adverb prepositional phrase).
The seventh lexical collocation consists of verb and an adverb. Examples are: affect deeply, amuse thoroughly, actor firmly, apologize firmly, appreciate sincerely, argue heatedly, etc.
education-english.com
The seventh lexical collocation consists of verb and an adverb. Examples are: affect deeply, amuse thoroughly, actor firmly, apologize firmly, appreciate sincerely, argue heatedly, etc.
education-english.com
